Ethiopia September - October 2012 - Bale Mountains National Park

Netxt to the Simien Mountains in the North, the Bale Mountains encompromise the only highland plateaux of the country. This plateaux is very high for Africa (4000 m.a.s.). The Sanetti plateaux in the Bale Mountains is a reliable site for several highland species which are endemic for Ethiopia such as Spot-breasted Plover, Blue-winged Goose, Rouget's Rail and Ethiopian Siskin. It is also a good site for the rare Wattled Crane. For mammal enthousiasts it is a must as it is the easiest place in the world to see the critically endangered Ethiopian Wolf. The plateaux can be reached by two means of transport: hiring a 4WD in Addis Ababa and driving up there with a driver or by foot. Due to a lack of money we opted for the latter. We walked in a four day loop through the higher regions, starting in Dinsho at the National Park office (see previous entry) and ending at the road running through the Sanetti Plateaux where we hitched a ride back to Goba on a sand truck.

A trek like this needs proper preparations, for you need a guide, at least two horses and thus two horse keepers, food and a tent (which we brought ourselves, but can be hired). For food we had bought 1/2 kg pasta, 1 kg rice and some tomato sauce at Dinsho to make some really basic meals, however our guide, Edris (+251912255403) who knows some birds, and the horse keepers brought their own food (make sure they do!) and mixed theirs together with ours to make some lovely meals. For water we just drank from the streams in the mountains without filtering, for our UV-filter had a low battery, however we did not get sick.

One of our two baggage-carrying horses

The entire trek we did was 80 or 90 km long and on some parts very hard, but it is totally worth it for you walk through stunning scenery and it gives you an opportunity to explore this part of Ethiopia a bit more. It is also possible to extend the trek into the remnant Herenna Forest which is seldom visited and should provide some good bird watching and probably even better mammal watching.

Afro-alpine plateaux (picture taken by Anna van der Kaaden)

On the first day we walked from Dinsho (circa 3000 m.a.s.) to the first campsite, which is also the base for the Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Program (EWCP) at 3500 m.a.s. This part of the trek is 15 to 20 km long an not as demanding as the next two days as the altitude is not too high and the road fairly good and not too long. During this part of the trek the following birds were noted: Wattled Ibis (numerous), Yellow-billed Duck, Mountain Wagtail, Lanner, Chestnut-naped Francolin (only near the headquarters of the National Park), Spot-breasted Plover (a flock of 20 at higher altitude), White-collared Pigeon (numerous), Red-breasted Wheatear, Lesser Grey Shrike (a juvenile. A funny place for this migrant to turn up!), Yellow Bishop (veru numerous in breeding plumage at lower altitude), Ethiopian Cisticola (very numerous and often together with the previous species), Ethiopian Siskin (numerous, especially around streams) and Rouget's Rail (surprisingly only one was seen this day)

Thekla Lark (Galerida theklae)

Moorland Chat (Pinarochroa sordida)

Yellow Bishop (Euplectes capensis)

Besides the birds, the Bale Mountains offer some good mammal watching with the very rare (around 250 individuals) Ethiopian Wolf being the star. We saw one today digging out a Giant Root Rat (also endemic). Starke's hares (endemic) were also noted. The plateaux which has to be crossed to reach the first campsite used to be a good site for Wattled Crane but we could not find them.

The First Campsite

On the second day we walked around 20 km from 3500 m.a.s. to 4000 m.a.s. and this day is more demanding than the previous one, but also more rewarding as the highland marshes tend to get better and the human population of this part is very close to zero. This leaves you in a nearly undisturbed place. Birds noted on this day included: Blue-winged Goose (still quite scarce), Wattled Ibis (less common than on the previous day), Lammergeier, Lanner, Steppe Eagle (early migrant) Chestnut-naped Francolin (sporadic), Rouget's Rail (four were noted, often between the few cows in the beginning of the day), African Snipe, White-collared Pigeon (still numerous), Ethiopian Cisticola (much less common than yesterday) and Ethiopian Siskin (very common).

Ethiopian Siskin (Serinus nigriceps)

Ethiopian Cisticola (juvenile) (Cisticola lugubris)

Augur Buzzard (Buteo augur)

Today also interesting mammals were noted: three seperate sightings of Ethiopian Wolves, many Giant Root Rats and even more Ethiopian Meadow Rats (more often heard than seen) and also a few nice Ethiopian Rock Hyraxes were seen.

Ethiopian Wolf (Canis simensis)

The third day was the most strenious day as we walked 25 to 30 km from 4000 m.a.s. to 4200 m.a.s.  We took a different route than initially planned, because our guide knew a very nice lake somewhere, but in the end he just wanted to go there so he could sleep in a hut... However the walk was very interesting as we finallly reached the Sanetti Plateaux on this day, yielding the following species:  Wattled Ibis, Blue-winged Goose (more numerous now), Ruddy Shelduck (numerous), Golden Eagle, Lanner (up to ten individuals!), Steppe Eagle, Lammergeier, Wattled Crane (we found a pair close to the lake were we stayed for the night), White-collared Pigeon, Cinnamon-bracken Warbler, Slender-billed Starling and Abyssinian Owl (one heard during the night at the campsite, but I was to tired to make a sound recording).

Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) at very close range

Blue-winged Goose (Cyanochen cyanoptera)

A pair of Wattled Cranes (Grus carunculata)

This day proved also to be the most interesting day for the mammals as five Ethiopian Wolves, six Klipspringers, some Starke's Hares and many Ethiopian Rock Hyraxes were noted.

Ethiopian Rock Hyrax (Procavia habessinica)

The last day of the trek was ridiculously short and I think we walked part of the fourth day on the third day to reach the lake. We stayed at the same altitude and walked for three hours before we reached the road and returned to civilization. During this short walk large numbers of Spot-breasted Plovers (150 or more) were noted as well as small numbers of Blue-winged Geese, Ruddy Shellducks, Rouget's Rails and Ethiopian Siskins.

Spot-breasted Plover (Vanellus melanocephalus)

For me the entire trek was a terrific but exhausting experience and the area around the road through the Sanetti Plateaux proved best for birding, therefore I don't recommend the trek to birding crews. However I do recommend the trek to people with a little more time and a slim budget for it have been four wonderful days. For those planning a trek like this make sure to pack good rain clothing and warm clothes and sleepings bags besides the other stuff, for once wet (and we had rain every day) you will freeze your ass off!

Ethiopia September - October 2012 - Dinsho

Dinsho is the tiny gateway town to the Bale Mountains National Park and is now quite easy to reach, even with pukblic transport, since the Shashemene - Robe road has been upgraded in 2010 or 2011. The Headquarters of the National Park are situated a bit out of the village and are surrounded by lovely montane forest that hosts several good endemics. It is possible to stay at the headquarters for 140 Birr for a double. Among the endemics possible are Chestnut-naped Francolin (easy), Wattled Ibis (dead easy), Abyssinian Slaty Flycatcher (easy), Abyssinian Catbird (this is probably the best place in the world to see this species), White-backed Black Tit (fairly easy), Ethiopian Siskin (fairly easy) and Abyssinian Woodpecker (which we did not find).

Chestnut-naped Francolin (Pternistis castaneicollis)

Besides the endemics, Dinsho is also known to be one of the best sites for Abyssinian Owl. Ask the staff if they want to show the bird at its roost to you for a reasonable (see previous entry) price. They might also be able to show Montane Nightjar and African Wood Owl to you, but we didn't for the guy didn't show up and he still ows us money. Therefore I advice you to pay after you have completed your search. Some interesting non-endemic birds we have seen included: Abyssinian Ground Trush, Moorland Chat, Malachite Sunbird, Brown Woodland Warbler and Montane White-eye. On top of the avian specialities of this site, some really stunning (endemic and non-endemic) mammals can be seen here at very close range. The star is the endemic Mountain Nyala, but Bush Buck, Bush Duiker and Common Warthog also occur here.

Mountain Nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni)

Bush Buck (Tragelaphus scriptus menelikii)

Common Warthog (Phacochoerus africanus)

Ethiopia September - October 2012 - Lake Langano

Lake Langano is located on a 4,5 hour mini-bus drive from Addis Ababa and offers some very fine birding. There are several hotels and ecolodges on the western and southern shores that offer good accomodation and fine birding within the hotel grounds. All are quite expensive so we camped at the Wabe Shabelle Hotel on the western shore to save money. If you arrive by public transport at Lake Langano and you want to stay at any of the western shore hotels, just ask the driver to drop you of at the dirt road leading from the Addis-Shashemene highway to the hotel of your choice. From there it is approximately a 3 km walk but you can also hire a horse cart. The southern shore ecologdes are very expensive and difficult to reach without public transport, but the birding seems to be very good...

The birding in and around the hotel grounds of the Wabe Shabelle hotel can be very productive and we managed to see a lot common Acacia scrub species like Namaqua Dove, White-Bellied Go-away-bird, Superb Starling, Northern White-crowned Shrike, White-browed Sparrow-weaver, Crested Francolin, Little Bee-eater and many more.

White-bellied Go-away-bird (Corythaixoides leucogaster)

Beautiful Sunbird (Cinnyris pulchellus)

Red-cheeked Cordon-blue (Uraeginthus bengalus)

Speckled Mousebird (Colius striatus)

Little Bee-eater (Merops pusillus)

The lake itself offers not to many waterbirds but Gull-billed, Whiskered and White-winged Terns winter here an can be seen together with the resident Grey-headed Gulls and African Fish Eagles. It is also possible to swim in the lake since it is one of the few Bilharzia, Crocodile and Hippo free lakes of Ethiopia. The water is quite brownish but nice.

The special drawcard of the Wabe Shabelle Hotel are the owls, because the hotel staff keeps track of the roosting sites of several owl species like Greyish and Verraux' Eagle Owl and Northern White-faced Owl. However the only owl we have been shown was Greyish Eagle Owl.

I want to make a small note here: the staff should be paid, but a fair, not an execessive amount of money should be given, for a high price like 20 euro (400 Birr) is an amount of money which is out of proportion in a country were people pay 10 Birr for a warm meal for two people. 20 euro does not seem much, but in Ethiopia it is. Also paying large sums of money does not always benefit the birds as the throwing of stones at owls to pester them out of their hiding places is common practice in Ethiopia, just to make sure they recieve the ridiculous price. Keep this in mind! We paid 50 Birr for the Greyish Eagle Owl, which we saw twice and another 50 for some Four-banded Sandgrouse.

Four-banded Sandgrouse (Pterocles quadricinctus)

Greyish Eagle-owl (Bubo cinerascens)

The Sandgrouse you could possibly find by yourself. Look in the grasslands behind the graves on the southern side of the gravel road halfway between the hotel and the tar road. Besides the Owls some other scarce species can be seen here like the near-endemic Rueppels Weaver, Red-throated Wryneck, Lappet-faced Vulture, Lesser Spotted Eagle, Black-winged Lovebird and Eastern Olivaceous Warbler which where all seen well.

African Harrier-hawk (Polyboroides typus)

On the other side of the tar road lies the Shaala - Abiata National Park which offers some different bird species, however we didn't visit this area. If you want to go from Lake Langano to Shashemene or Addis just hitch a ride at the tar road. You'll probably get a ride quite quickly for you are a faranji (most probably).

Ethiopia September - October 2012 - Addis Ababa

This trip lasted one month and focussed excludingly on South Ethiopia. Due to a lack of money the entiere trip was done using public transport. This made some species very difficult to see, but in total around 320 species were recorded and the entire trip costed only 650 euro (without plane ticket). the trip started and ended in Addis Ababa, of course, and this post focusses on the birding within the capital.

When arriving in Addis the first two endemics can virtually be seen from the airport exit in the form of White-collared Pigeon and Thick-billed Raven. The birding within the capital is surprisingly good and several more endemics can be seen. We stayed in a small guesthouse in the Bole Road area called Almaz Pension. The birding within its tiny garden was relatively good with the endemic Brown-rumped Seedeater and the near-endemic Blue-breasted Bee-eater and Swainson's Sparrow showing in quick succession. Baglafecht Weavers and Red-billed Firefinches also breed in the garden.

Brown-rumped Seedeater (Serinus tristriatus)

Most birders stay in the Ghion Hotel with its extensive wooded grounds, but this was too expensive for us. We tried to get into the hotel gardens, however the guards refused to let us in on the obvious grounds that we were wearing flip-flops and thus not appropriately dressed for Ethiopia... If you manage to get into the hotel grounds, keep an eye out for Brown Parisoma, Black-winged Lovebird and other forest species. A small chirch aith some wooded grounds proved to be a reasonable back-up with Wattled Ibis and Black-winged Lovebird (both endemic) seen on two different dates.

Also check the sky above Addis regularly as White-backed and Hooded Vultures as well as Tawny Eagles and plenty of Yellow-billed Kites and sometimes Peregrines soar over. Other good species observed included Tacazze Sunbird, Moutain Thrush, Rock Martin, Nyanza and White-rumped Swift, Dusky Turtle Dove, African Dusky Flycatcher, Village Indigobird and Pin-tailed Wydah.

Tacazze Sunbird (Nectarinia tacazze)

For more information on birding in Addis and the rest of Ethiopia have a look at "Where to Watch birds in Ethiopia" by C. Spottiswoode, M. Gabremichael and J. Francis.

Madeira July – August 2012

During this trip all the endemic species were seen as well as most of the endemic subspecies. On the pelagic some good West-Palaearctic species were recorded, although a pelagic later in the year would be more advisable for more pelagic species. However, if the goal is to see Zino’s petrel at sea a pelagic earlier in the year should be considered, for the species appears to be find at sea during summer. During the entire trip a total number of 33 species were recorded.

Itinary:               23 July                  Pelagic (North of Madeira)
                           24 July                  Pelagic (South of Madeira)
                           25 July                  Pelagic (North of Madeira)
                           26 July                  Caniço de Baixo and excursion to Zino’s Petrel colony
                           27 July                  Funchal
                           28 July                  Caniço de Baixo
                           29 July                  São Laurenço Peninsula and Caniçal
                           30 July                  Rabaçal (25 Springs)
                           31 July                  São Vinçente and Seixal
                           1 August               Caniço de Baixo
                           2 August               Pico de Ariero and Ribeiro Frio
                           3-6 August           Caniço de Baixo and Funchal

23 July                  Arrival and Madeira Windbirds Pelagic
Around 10:00 we arrived in our hotel in Caniço de Baixo and I had a few more hours to prepare for the pelagic. These hours also produced the first Plain Swifts and the only Roseate Tern during the entire trip! Unaware of the weather conditions I packed for the worst: rain coat and trousers (necessary), plastic bag for my camera bag (unnecessary), two Optech rain sleeves for my camera and lens (unnecessary) and flip-flops (good choice). I didn’t bring a hat, which can be useful. 
Around 14:00 I got picked up at the hotel and around 15:00 left the Marina. The weather was good with a lot of sun, but we had almost no wind, which is not ideal for petrels as they are prone to rest on the water and are therefore hard to find. After 90 minutes we arrived at the chumming site 12 nautical miles Northeast of the island and we soon started chumming which attracted a lot of Bulwers Petrels and Cory’s Shearwaters and in the end a Fea’s Petrel which showed quite well, but very briefly. It was a Fea’s of the desertas population with a very heavy bill, short tubes, thick neck and a rather heavy jizz in flight. The chum also attracted a Beaked Whale, which remained unidentified (probably Gervais’/ Curvier’s/ Blainville’s). Other animals recored were: a Loggerhead and some Flying Fish.
For anyone doing a pelagic like this (drifting around the chum in a rather small zodiac) I can recommend a getting a good sleep (I slept three or four hours, because our flight left very early in the morning) and maybe anti-seasickness pills, for I got very seasick and it does not add to your experience of the pelagic.

Fea's Petrel (Pterodroma (fea) desertas)

Cory´s Shearwater (Calonectris (diomedea) borealis)

24 July                  Madeira Windbirds Pelagic
I got anti-seasickness pills from Hugo and Catherina (of Madeira Windbirds) and a decent sleep, so after we got out on the sea again at the same time as yesterday to visit the Southeastern part of the ocean, I felt really good. Unfortunately the weather was the same as yesterday, so still not perfect for petrels. Today the chum attracted the same amount of Cory’s Shearwaters and Bulwers Petrels, but after a few hours of waiting a lovely White-faced Storm-petrel turned up and was soon joined by a Madeiran Storm-petrel. The chum also attracted another Fea’s Petrel but this sighting was even briefer than the one yesterday. Using photographs we were able to indentify it as another desertas, due to its very thick bill and neck. Other animals recorded were three Loggerheads (of which we saved one from a fishing net!) and several Flying Fishes.

White-faced Storm-petrel (Pelagodroma marina)

Madeiran Storm-petrel (Oceanodroma castro)

Loggerhead (Caretta caretta)

25 July                  Madeira Wind birds Pelagic
Today we headed tot the same destination as the first day, for this is the best site for Zino’s Petrel. The site we visited yesterday was the best site for seeing Storm-petrels. The weather was the same as the previous two days, but with even less wind. The day started good with two brief pterodroma spec. sightings, a Loggerhead and a pod of at least five Bottlenose Dolphins on the way to the chumming site. However the chum attracted “only” a Madeiran Storm-petrel and an Arctic tern (besides the standard amount of Cory’s Shearwaters and Bulwers Petrels). The chumming ended prematurely when a two or three meter large Blue Shark came and finished 10 Kg of chum in three bites… This meant unfortunately that I was unable to see a Zino’s Petrel at sea during this pelagic. However, the entire experience was well worth it and the other species observed were lovely.
Thanks to Hugo and Catherina I was able to join the excursion to the Zino’s Petrel colony at Pico de Ariero, which would take place the next day.

Atlantic Bottlenose Dophin (Trusiops truncatus)

26 July                  Caniço de Baixo and excursion to Zino’s Petrel colony
During the past 3 days I always birded a little around the hotel in Caniço de Baixo which yielded some Macaronesian endemic  species i.e. Plain Swift and Atlantic Canary and some endemic subspecies i.e. Common Kestrel (ssp. canariensis), Blackbird (ssp. carbrerae), Blackcap (ssp. heineken) and Goldfinch (ssp. parva). A stroll a bit further from the hotel grounds produced the same species but also a lovely male Spectacled Warbler of the endemic subspecies bella.
Around 21:00 we were in the car to Pico de Ariero ready to see the desirable Zino’s petrel at last. When we arrived at the top (1802 meters a.s.l.) Hugo and Catherina provided headlights and then we were ready to walk the last half hour to the breeding site. At the colony we waited nervously for the birds to arrive. At first the tape of the conservation program a couple of slopes further (placed to encourage birds to breed on more than one slope to reduce vulnerability) played tricks with our minds, but in the end we heard some genuine birds. The entire setting in which the hearing (and eventually the viewing) of the birds took place was simply breathtaking: being almost at the highest point of Madeira with a clear sky and an almost full moon which reflected lovely in the Atlantic Ocean. On top of that the birds uttered almost ghost-like sounds that perfectly fitted this atmosphere. (As soon as I’m back in the Netherlands I’ll make sure to upload a sound recording, as well as more pictures) Concluding: besides the pelagic the trip to breeding site of Zino’s Petrel should not be missed!

27 July                  Funchal and Caniço de Baixo
Today we headed towards Funchal where I hoped to get more decent views on Roseate Terns than just a fly-by bird like the one in Caniço de Baixo. Unfortunately the jetty in the harbor did not produce more than 200 Yellow-legged Gulls (ssp. atlanticus) and a couple of Common Terns. Besides this, the capital of Madeira produced little, but I managed to make some nice sound recordings of Cory’s Shearwaters in Caniço de Baixo that evening.

28 July                  Caniço de Baixo
A stroll around the grounds of the hotel resulted in the few common species here and it also produced an early migrant in the form of a Common Sandpiper.

29 July                  São Laurenço Peninsula and Caniçal
After an early start we found ourselves on top of the rocky cliffs of the São Laurenço Peninsula. This peninsula offers for a beautiful hike and it is also one of the few places on the island where Rock Sparrows can be found, so we were delighted to find a group of 40 of these birds, which are of the maderiensis subspecies. The hike also produced a lot of Atlantic Canaries and some lovely Berthelot’s Pipits of the madeirensis subspecies. The endemic Madeira Wall Lizards are also very confiding here and eat banana’s out of your hand (and even might try if your finger is edible as well). The peninsula can be combined with one of the few (black sand) beaches on the islands which offers some reasonable snorkeling (not if you’re used to tropical waters) and we saw some small Barracuda’s. After a swim we went to Caniçal which is the only place on Madeira were Spanish Sparrow can be found. These are easy to find in the palm trees near the small harbor and in the end they even tried to snatch some of our dinner.
At night at Caniço de Baixo I thought I heard a Black-crowned Night-heron, but the bird stopped calling before I could make a recording, so I’m not sure (considering the rarity of this species on the island).

30 July                  Rabaçal (25 springs)

Rabaçal offers some lovely hiking through lush laurel forest, but can be hard to find without a navigation device as Madeira has a serious lack of road signs. Once we had arrived, we were immediately greeted by some Madeira Firecrests which turned out to be abundant and many of them were juveniles; a good sign! Also the madeirensis subspecies of Chaffinch is common here and can even be fed with some bread. The hike eventually produced a nice fly-by sighting of a Trocaz Pigeon, which was the last endemic species on the check list.

Adult Madeira Firecrest (Regulus madeirensis)

Juvenile Madeira Firecrest (Regulus madeirensis)

Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs madeirensis)

Chaffinch  (Fringilla coelebs madeirensis)

31 July                  São Vinçente and Seixal
During a trip to the interesting volcanic caves near São Vinçente some nice birds were seen like Madeira Firecrest and five Trocaz Pigeons which perched in a tree near a pizzeria in São Vinçente while we enjoyed a nice lunch. A good species for the pizza list indeed!

2 August              Pico de Ariero and Ribeiro Frio
After a relaxing day at the hotel we went back up to Pico de Ariero to enjoy the scenery in broad daylight. A short hike to the colony of the Zino’s Petrel, where we’ve been before produced some Linnets of the endemic subspecies guenteri and a nice and uncommon migrant in the form of a House Martin between a flock of Plain Swifts. A hike along the Ribeiro Frio (start at the trout farm) produced some nice(but distant) views of Trocaz Pigeons, as well as the very common Madeira Firecrest and madeirensis Chaffinch (which even ate out of my hand).

3-6 August          Funchal and Caniço de Baixo
Because we had to return the car, the more interesting bird sightings stop here, but a couple of relaxing days on this island were also very nice. They also produced the only sighting of a Sparrowhawk of the endemic subspecies granti.

In summary: two weeks Madeira is a bit long if you just go for the birds, because there are not too many resident species on the island. However a pelagic is highly recommended (especially if you are a WP lister). The same goes for the excursion to hear and see Zino’s Petrel at Pico de Ariero.

Madeira Wall Lizard (Lacerta dugesii)

Species list:
Birds (33 species)

- Cory’s Shearwater (ssp. borealis): seen every day in large numbers during the pelagic and heard (and sometimes seen) daily at Caniço de Baixo.

- Bulwers Peterel: seen ever day in large numbers during the pelagic. Also some birds were seen flying by at Caniço de Baixo.

- Fea’s Petrel (ssp. desertas): seen two birds on the first two days of the pelagic. Both individuals were identified using photographs as classic desertas (according to Hadoram Shirihai’s article). E

- Zino’s Petrel: frustratingly not seen during the pelagic, but heard and seen well during the night excursion to Pico de Ariero, where they breed. E

- Madeira Storm-petrel: two birds recorded on the last two days of the pelagic.

- White-faced Storm-petrel: one bird seen extremely well on the second day of the pelagic.

- Common Buzzard: Seen on several occasions throughout the island.

- Common Sparrowhawk (ssp. granti): one bird seen on the last day in Caniço de Baixo. e

- Common Kestrel (ssp. canariensis): seen on several occasions throughout the island. e

- Ruddy Turnstone: three birds were seen at the marina during the last two days of the pelagic.

- Common Sandpiper: one of these migrants was recorded on 28 and 29 July near Caniço de Baixo.

- Yellow-legged Gull (ssp. atlanticus): very common, seen daily.

- Lesser Black-backed Gull: one bird was seen on the last day of the pelagic and another bird was seen at Camâra de Lobos.

- Common Tern: very common, seen daily.

- Arctic tern: one bird identified on the last day of the pelagic.

- Roseate tern: One bird seen flying by at Caniço de Baixo on 23 July.

- Sandwich tern: One bird seen flying by at Caniço de Baixo.

- Trocaz Pigeon: seen on three different occasions: at Rabaçal (one), at São Vinçente (five) and at Ribeiro Frio (three). E

- Plain Swift: This Macaronesian endemic is very common and was seen daily. E

- Grey Wagtail (ssp. schmitzi): common and seen almost daily. e

- Berthelot’s Pipit (ssp. madeirensis): seen in good numbers at the São Laurenço Peninsula. E

- House Martin: An uncommon migrant which was seen at Pico de Ariero on 2 August.

- Blackcap (ssp. heineken): very common and seen daily. Unfortunately no individual with complete black head was seen. e

- Spectacled Warbler (ssp. bella): one lovely male was seen near Caniço de Baixo on 26 July. e

- Common Blackbird (ssp. carbrerae): common and seen daily. e

- Robin: two seen near Rabaçal and one at Ribeiro Frio.

- Madeira Firecrest: this endemic is surprisingly common in forested areas like 25 springs near Rabaçal and Ribeiro Frio. E

- Atlantic Canary: Common and seen almost daily. E

- Goldfinch (ssp. parva): uncommon species which was recorded only twice: near Caniço de Baixo and at Ribeiro Frio.

- Linnet (ssp. guentheri): only recorded once at Pico de Ariero on 2 August. e

- Chaffinch (ssp. madeirensis): Common in well wooded areas like Ribeiro Frio and Rabaçal. e

- Rock Sparrow (ssp. maderiensis): One flock of 40 birds was seen at the São Laurenço peninsula. e

- Spanish Sparrow: Easy at Caniçal, absent anywhere else.

Atlantic Canary (Serinus canaria)

Other animals:

- Bottlenose Dolphin: a pod of five seen on the last day of the pelagic.

- Beaked whale spec.: Seen on the first day of the pelagic, but to brief to identify (probably Curviers’/ Gervais’/ Blainsville’s)

- Loggerhead: this sea turtle was recorded every day of the pelagic. We even saved one from a fishing net.

- Madeira Wall Lizard: common and seen daily. E

- Blue Shark: one 2-3 m. individual gulped up our last chum on the last day of the pelagic.

E = endemic to Madeira
E = endemic to Macaronesia
e = subspecies endemic to Madeira of Macaronesia

India July - August 2011, Agra

No visit to India is complete without a visit to the Taj Mahal, or at least that is what many travel guides tell you. We followed this advice and paid this monument that is by many named "the most beautiful building in the world" a visit. The Taj Mahal did not disappoint and I agree with its informal name. However next to the Taj, we enjoyed some views of the more common Indian species in this city. Just within the gardens surrounding the Taj Mahal we found several interesting species like Egyptian Vulture, Little Green Bee-eater, Spotted Owlet, Jacobin Cuckoo, Indian Grey Hornbill, Brown-headed Barbet, Jungle-babbler, Rose-ringed Parakeet and Indian Chat. Behind the Taj Mahal flows the Yamuna River. Here we saw some other interesting birds including River Lapwing, Painted Stork, Eurasian Spoonbill, Red-wattled Lapwing, Large Grey Babbler and Rufous Treepie.

Indian Chat (Cercomela fusca)

Indian Grey Hornbill (Ocyceros birostris)

Spotted Owlet (Athene brama) with a damaged pupil

The endangered Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopteros) can be seen soaring above the Taj Mahal

Male Rose-ringed Parakeet (Psittacula krameri)

The Taj Mahal, seen from the Backside. Painted Storks (Mycteria leucocephala), River Lapwings (Vanellus duvaucelii), Red-wattled Lapwings (Vanellus indicus) and Indian Jungle Crows (Corvus culminatus) foraging at the Yamuna River.

Most monuments within Agra have large gardens like the ones at the Taj Mahal and all these gardens hold similar species and more. Next to the gardens of Monuments we also paid the Sur Sarovar Bird Sanctuary a visit. This site is easily reached by taxi from Agra city center. This bird sanctuary was quite disappointing as it did not hold many birds next to a single Asian Openbill, a single Asian Woollyneck, some Oriental Darters, Indian and Little Cormorants and some Indian Rollers and Rufous Treepies. We also visited the Bear Rescue facility that is also located within this bird sanctuary. The rescue center is interesting and the people there are very welcoming and keen to teach you about their bears. However next to this rescue center there is very little of interest in the sanctuary, both for "normal" tourists and birders, as most of the bird sanctuary seemed to be military terrain and therefore off limits. I would not recommend the Sur Sarovar Bird Sanctuary as a birding site.

Oriental Darter (Anhinga melanogaster)

Indian Cormorant (Phalacrocorax fuscicollis) and Little Cormorant (Microcarbo niger) in flight

India July - August 2011, Srinagar

We left Ladakh by the only other motorable road. This road leads through the Zanskar area, which is just as marvellous as the previous valleys we visited, and leads in the end to the capital of Kashmir: Srinagar. We spent a couple of days in this disputed area, but remained unfortunately only inside the city. The lake in the city, on which one can sleep in boats (quite expensive though), offers fairly decent birding and we enjoyed our stay there.

Birds observed on the lake included many Indian Pond, Black-crowned Night, Little, Cattle and Great Egret, Common, Pied and White-throated Kingfisher, Black, White-winged and Whiskered Tern, Citrine Wagtail and Clamorous Reed Warbler. The biggest surprise however was a 1kj Red-headed Bunting male in between a dozen of House Sparrows. The yellow rump was seen well and it also had a red-brown hue on the head, excluding Black-headed Bunting.

1kj male Red-headed Bunting (Emberiza bruniceps). Note the reddish hue on the head and the still very fresh plumage.

Common Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis)

White-throated Kingfisher (Halcyon Smyrnensis)

Pied Kingfishers (Ceryle rudis)

I hope I can come back to this disputed area to try for the three endemics. I regret I did not have time to search for them during this trip, so I highly recommend that people visiting Ladakh, don´t forget to give Kashmir a try, because the people here are very nice and we had no problem at all during our stay and the birds here included some endemic and mythical species! The best trip would be of course to start in the Great Himalayan National park for Western Tragopan and Cheer Pheasant, than go to Ladakh and finish in Kashmir with an Orange Bullfinch. We keep dreaming!